阿尔兹海默症(AD)，这一逐渐侵蚀记忆与认知的“隐形杀手”，作为一种神经系统退行性疾病，以其复杂的病理机制和多样的临床表现，成为了医学界难以攻克的疑题。β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和Tau蛋白的异常聚集是导致疾病进展的关键机制之一，此外科学家们还提出了神经元纤维缠结、神经炎症理论及血管性因素学说等。相关生物标志物的分析检测将助力科研工作者更深入地揭示该病症本质，为后续的治疗奠定基础。
β-Amyloid
β-淀粉样蛋白是阿尔兹海默病中最被广泛研究的标志物之一。根据β-淀粉样蛋白假说，Aβ斑块的形成是AD病理过程中的关键步骤，这些斑块在大脑中的积累是导致神经元损伤和细胞死亡的原因之一。Aβ蛋白是由跨膜蛋白Aβ前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein，APP)经过β分泌酶(beta-secretase 1, BACE1)与γ分泌酶依次水解产生的含有39~43个氨基酸的肽段。Aβ42/Aβ40比值作为核心生物标志物，能早期、准确地区分AD患者与健康人群，其高敏感性和特异性为早期诊断提供了有力支持。
Tau
NF-L
神经丝轻链蛋白(Neurofilament Light-chain, NF-L)是一种新兴的生物标志物。NF-L在生理条件下分布于神经细胞内部。多项研究证明在患者的认知能力下降初期，脑脊液中NF-L水平就已经升高，因此NF-L未来可能发展成为预测临床前AD症状的指标。NF-L在其他神经退行性病变中也同样出现变化，所以该指标不具备AD诊断特异性，需要与Aβ/Tau生物标志物联合应用于AD的临床诊断与预测。
BDNF
BDNF是一种关键的神经营养分子，已被证明可增强突触可塑性并改善学习和记忆。在AD的背景下，BDNF耗竭与Tau磷酸化、Aβ积累、神经炎症和神经元凋亡有关。随着疾病的进展，AD患者的大脑，血液和脑脊液(CSF)中的BDNF水平降低。此外，较高的血清BDNF水平与AD患者认知功能的改善相关。
CDK5
CDK5是磷酸化Tau蛋白的主要激酶，其异常激活与神经元损伤、tau蛋白过度磷酸化以及突触功能障碍等AD关键病理特征密切相关。
除了以上介绍的靶点，我们将AD常用和相关的研究靶点整理成下表，供广大科研工作者查阅使用！
| 靶点 | 货号 | 抗体类型 | 种属 | 应用 |
| β-Amyloid 1-40 | bsm-2864M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB |
| β-Amyloid 1-42 | bsm-41470M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| AD7C-NTP | bs-0046R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| bs-20192R | Rabbit pAb | Hu | WB, Flow-Cyt | |
| APOE | bsm-61226R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, IP |
| bsm-60544M | Recombinant Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF |
|
| BACE1 | bsm-63071R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Mo, R | WB |
| BCHE | bsm-61594R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu | WB |
| BDNF | bsm-52368R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bs-4989R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| CDK5 | bsm-52029R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, Flow-Cyt, ICC/IF |
| bs-10258R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, Flow-Cyt |
|
| bsm-31087M | Mouse mAb | Hu |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, ELISA |
|
| bsm-51583M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bsm-51610M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
|
| DPYSL2 | bsm-51453M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo | WB |
| bsm-61800R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, IP, Flow-Cyt |
|
| FTH1 | bsm-54108R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bsm-63085R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| GFAP | bsm-42001M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bsm-41823M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bs-0199R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R |
IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, Flow-Cyt |
|
| GLP-1R | bs-1559R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| GSK3B | bsm-33293M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bsm-33294M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bs-0023M | Mouse pAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bs-0028R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R |
IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
|
| bsm-63070R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| HMOX1 | bsm-60751R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| HSD17B10 | bsm-61523R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| NF-L | bs-41217R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| bsm-41217M | Mouse mAb | Mo, R | IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bsm-41724M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB | |
| NGF | bsm-52362R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF |
| NMDAR1 | bsm-52950R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| NMDAR2A | bsm-54048R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| NMDAR2B | bs-34096R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, ICC/IF |
| PRDX3 | bsm-61582R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, IP, Flow-Cyt |
| PSEN1 | bsm-61774R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, Flow-Cyt, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| PSENEN/PEN2 | bsm-61979R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| SERPINA3 | bsm-60780R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| SNCA | bsm-54277R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| bsm-0968M | Mouse mAb | Hu | IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bs-0968R | Rabbit pAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB | |
| bsm-42005M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bsm-41828M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, ICC/IF, ELISA | |
| bsm-41829M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, ELISA | |
| bsm-41830M | Mouse mAb | Hu | ICC/IF | |
| bsm-42005R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB | |
| STMN1 | bsm-60306R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF |
| bsm-34184M | Mouse mAb | Hu | IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| Tau | bsm-41722M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bsm-52310R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bsm-41804M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| bsm-41802M | Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF | |
| p-Tau (S198) | bsm-63065R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB |
| p-Tau (S199) | bsm-63066R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Mo, R | WB |
| p-Tau (S202) | bsm-63069R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Mo, R | WB |
| p-Tau (S396) | bsm-63063R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| p-Tau (S404) | bsm-63067R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| p-Tau (T231) | bsm-25325M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB |
| bsm-52507R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Mo, R | WB | |
| TDP-43/TARDBP | bsm-52949R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
| bsm-60837R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF, Flow-Cyt |
|
| bsm-60381M | Recombinant Mouse mAb | Hu, Mo, R |
WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC/IF, IF |
|
| TP53/p53 | bsm-10841M | Mouse mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF |
| bsm-60806R | Recombinant Rabbit mAb | Hu | WB, IHC-P, IF, IHC-F | |
| TREM2 | bs-2723R | Rabbit pAb | Mo, R | WB |
| Hu=Human, Mo=Mouse, R=Rat | ||||
后续我们还会继续整理推出帕金森病(PD)、亨廷顿病(HD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)的热门研究靶点，相关领域的小伙伴们可以持续关注我们哦！
