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MouseAnti-GAPDH-Loading Control antibody (bsm-33033M)
~~~促销，代码KXJ230206~~~
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说明书： 50ul  100ul  500ul
50ul/680.00元
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产品编号 bsm-33033M
英文名称 GAPDH-Loading Control
中文名称 3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（内参）单克隆抗体
别    名 38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate; Aging-associated gene 9 protein; BARS-38; cb609; EC 1.2.1.12; G3PD; G3PDH; GAPD; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase;Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase liver;Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase muscle; KNC-NDS6; MGC102544; MGC102546; MGC103190; MGC103191; MGC105239; MGC127711; MGC88685; OCAS, p38 component; OCT1 coactivator in S phase, 38-KD component; wu:fb33a10.  
Specific References  (49)     |     bsm-33033M has been referenced in 49 publications.
111 [IF=3.257] Cui et al. Chronic Heat Stress Induces Immune Response, Oxidative Stress Response, and Apoptosis of Finishing Pig Liver: A Proteomic Approach. (2016) Int.J.Mol.Sc. 17  WB ;  Pig.  222
111 [IF=2.559] Pan J et al. AIM2 accelerates the atherosclerotic plaque progressions in ApoE−/− mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018 498(3), 487–494.  WB ;  Mouse.  222
111 [IF=1.89] Yang X et al. Emodin induces liver injury by inhibiting the key enzymes of FADH/NADPH transport in rat liver X Yang, Y Zhang, Y Liu, C Chen, H Xiao - Toxicology Research, 2018Toxicol Res (Camb). 2018 May 14;7(5):888-896.  WB ;  Rat.  222
111 [IF=2.559] Weng Y et al. The miR-15b-5p/PDK4 axis regulates osteosarcoma proliferation through modulation of the Warburg effect. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 18;503(4):2749-2757.  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=1.949] Li Q et al. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy on mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 proliferation and apoptosis via miR-503/Wnt3a pathway.(2018) Lasers Med Sci. Sep 15  WB ;  mouse.  222
111 [IF=1.703] Jiang S et al. Effect of Illicium verum or Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts on the anti-stress ability, and mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and TNF-α in Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire and Chinese native Licha-black nursery piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nu  WB ;  Piglet.  222
111 [IF=1.167] Wang W et al. Proteomic Analysis on Exosomes Derived from Patients' Sera Infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Korean J Parasitol. 2019 Oct;57(5):489-497.  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=3.192] Zengyu Ma et al. Identification and functional characterization of ribosomal protein S23 as a new member of antimicrobial protein. Dev Comp Immunol. 2020 Sep;110:103730.  WB ;  shrimp hemolymph, amphioxus humoral fluids, zebrafish and mouse serums.  222
111 [IF=2.795] Chunyu Zhang et al. WISP1 promotes bovine MDSC differentiation via recruitment of ANXA1 for the regulation of the TGF-β signalling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem. 2020 Jul;470(1-2):215-227.  WB ;  Bovine.  222
111 [IF=5.201] Chao X et al. miR-429-3p/LPIN1 Axis Promotes Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition via PPARγ PathwayFront Cell Dev Biol.2020 Dec 21;8:595637.  WB ;  chicken.  222
111 [IF=2.985] Cao Y et al. Protective effect of carnosine on hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative stress in Human kidney tubular epithelial cellsBiochem Biophys Res Commun.2021 Jan 1;534:576-582.  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=2.311] Nier Cha. et al. MicroRNA‑124 suppresses the invasion and proliferation of breast cancer cells by targeting TFAP4. Oncol Lett. 2021 Apr;21(4):1-1  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=6.116] Ping Gong. et al. p47 phox deficiency improves cognitive impairment and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models of AD. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020 Dec;12(1):1-18  WB ;  Mouse.  222
111 [IF=3.337] Xiaohui Pan. et al. miR-1297 Suppresses Osteosarcoma Proliferation and Aerobic Glycolysis by Regulating PFKFB2. Oncotargets Ther. 2020; 13: 11265–11275  
111 [IF=8.811] Yamashita Koichiro. et al. Mitotic phosphorylation of Pex14p regulates peroxisomal import machinery. J Cell Biol. 2020 Oct;219(10):e202001003.  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=4.115] Yaodong Zhou. et al. Association of MicroRNA-21 with p53 at Mutant Sites R175H and R248Q, Clinicopathological Features, and Prognosis of NSCLC. Mol Ther-Oncolytics. 2020 Dec;19:208  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=1.597] Wenshuang Liao. et al. Illicium verum and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts promote nutrient availability and antioxidant capacity in piglets by upregulating duodenal and jejunal Nrf2/TNF‐α. 2021 Mar 26  WB ;  Pig.  222
111 [IF=6.684] Lijin Guo. et al. Whole Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Potential Regulatory Mechanism of LncRNA-FNIP2/miR-24-3p/FNIP2 Axis in Chicken Adipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9: 653798  WB ;  Chicken.  222
111 [IF=4.932] Xueli Bai. et al. Regulatory role of methionine enkephalin in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Oct;99:107996  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=2.57] Yongfeng Pang. et al. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Modulating the miR-567/NEUROD2/PSD95 Axis. Neuropsych Dis Treat. 2021; 17: 2151–2161  WB ;  Mouse.  222
111 [IF=2.534] Dongmin Zou. et al. BHBA regulates the expressions of lipid synthesis and oxidation genes in sheep hepatocytes through the AMPK pathway. Res Vet Sci. 2021 Nov;140:153  WB ;  Sheep.  222
111 [IF=5.923] Yansiwei Cheng. et al. Simulated Microgravity Inhibits Rodent Dermal Fibroblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Suppressing ERK/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan;22(19):10702  WB ;  Rat.  222
111 [IF=3.352] Shunshun Han. et al. Fibromodulin is involved in autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells affecting the follicular atresia in chicken. Poultry Sci. 2021 Oct;:101524  WB ;  chicken.  222
111 [IF=2.214] Yue SU. et al. Exosomes derived from placental trophoblast cells regulate endometrial epithelial receptivity in dairy cows during pregnancy. 2021 Oct 22  WB ;  Human,Mouse.  222
111 [IF=2.626] Zhao, Gang. et al. LINC02381, a sponge of miR-21, weakens osteogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs through KLF12-mediated Wnt4 transcriptional repression. 2021 Nov 15  WB ;  Mouse,Human.  222
111 [IF=3.906] Peng Gu. et al. Suppression of CDCA3 inhibits prostate cancer progression via NF‑κB/cyclin D1 signaling inactivation and p21 accumulation. Oncol Rep. 2022 Feb;47(2):1-10  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=4.932] Zhe Song. et al. Isoandrographolide inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuates silicosis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Apr;105:108539  WB ;  Human.  222
111 [IF=4.155] Quanwei Li. et al. Toxicological mechanism of large amount of copper supplementation: Effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-induced oxidative stress in the porcine myocardium. J Inorg Biochem. 202  WB ;  Pig.  222
111 [IF=4.667] Guo-Dong Wu. et al. Cordyceps Improves Obesity and its Related Inflammation via Modulation of Enterococcus cecorum Abundance and Bile Acid Metabolism. 2022 Mar 10  WB ;  Mouse.  222
111 [IF=4.432] Hongxiao Yang. et al. Hydrogen Attenuates Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats by regulating angiotensin II type 1 receptor and NADPH oxidase 2 mediated oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 May;922:174917  WB ;  Rat.  222
产品类型 内参抗体 
研究领域 肿瘤  细胞生物  免疫学  神经生物学  新陈代谢  
抗体来源 Mouse
克隆类型 Monoclonal
克 隆 号 4F8
交叉反应 Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Hamster,  (predicted: Chicken, Dog, Rabbit, Sheep, Monkey, )
产品应用 WB=1:10000-1:100000 IHC-P=1:100-500 ICC=1:100 （石蜡切片需做抗原修复）
not yet tested in other applications.
optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
理论分子量 38kDa
细胞定位 细胞核 细胞浆 细胞膜 
性    状 Liquid
浓    度 1mg/ml
免 疫 原 Recombinded Human GAPDH  
亚    型 IgG
纯化方法 affinity purified by Protein G
缓 冲 液 0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
保存条件 Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
注意事项 This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed PubMed
产品介绍 Loading Control
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of data appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. GAPDH is expressed in all cells. It is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels. There are however some physiological factors such as hypoxia and diabetes that increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types. GAPDH molecule is composed of four 36kDa subunits.

Function:
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate.

Subunit:
Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS.

Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions.

Post-translational modifications:
S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus.
ISGylated (Probable).
Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity.

Similarity:
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.

SWISS:
P04406

Gene ID:
2597

Database links:

Entrez Gene: 374193 Chicken

Entrez Gene: 2597 Human

Entrez Gene: 100042025 Mouse

Entrez Gene: 14433 Mouse

Entrez Gene: 24383 Rat

Entrez Gene: 685186 Rat

Entrez Gene: 317743 Zebrafish

Omim: 138400 Human

SwissProt: P00356 Chicken

SwissProt: P04406 Human

SwissProt: P16858 Mouse

SwissProt: P04797 Rat

SwissProt: Q5XJ10 Zebrafish



GAPDH蛋白几乎在所有组织中都高水平表达，广泛用作Western blot蛋白质标准化的内参,是很好的内参抗体。
GAPDH 作为管家基因在同种细胞或者组织中的蛋白质表达量一般是恒定的。在实验中，可能存在总蛋白浓度测定不准确；或者蛋白质样品在电泳前上样时产生的样品间的操作误差；这些误差需要通过测定每个样品中实际转到膜上的GAPDH的含量来进行校正，所以一般的western实验都需要进行内参设置。具体校正的方法就是将每个样品测得的目的蛋白含量与本样品的GAPDH含量相除，得到每个样品目的蛋白的相对含量。然后才进行样品与样品之间的比较。
甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）过程中的关键酶。除了在胞质中作为糖酵解的酶以外，有证据表明哺乳动物细胞中的GAPDH参与了多种胞内生化过程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸转移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核内RNA出核、DNA复制与DNA修复。一些生理因素，诸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定细胞中的表达。GAPDH存在于几乎所有的组织中，以高水平持续表达。
GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶）是参与糖酵解的一种关键酶，由4个30－40kDa的亚基组成.
产品图片
Sample:
Lane1: Skin (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug
Lane2: Testis (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug
Lane3: Adrenal gland (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug
Lane4: Lung (Rat) Lysate at 30 ug
Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/1 000 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 38 kD
Observed band size: 38 kD
Sample:
Lane 1: Human HEK293 cell lysates
Lane 2: Human Hela cell lysates
Lane 3: Human SH-SY5Y cell lysates
Lane 4: Mouse NIH/3T3 cell lysates
Lane 5: Hamster CHO cell lysates
Lane 6: Rat Brain tissue lysates
Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/200000 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 38 kD
Observed band size: 38 kD
Sample:
Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug
Primary:
Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/2000~1/20000 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 38 kD
Observed band size: 36 kD
Sample:
Hela (Human) Lysate at 40 ug
Primary:
Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/2000~1/20000 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 38 kD
Observed band size: 36 kD
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human gastric); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Human kidney); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.
Tissue/cell:Hela cell; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed; Triton X-100 at room temperature for 20 min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum, C-0005) at 37°C for 20 min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) 1:100, 90 minutes at 37°C; followed by a CY3 conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG antibody at 37°C for 90 minutes, DAPI (blue, C02-04002) was used to stain the cell nuclei.
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